High-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) typically are characterized using continuous wave (CW) signals. There are several reasons for this practice: 1) ...

A signal generator, a general-purpose piece of test equipment, performs numerous measurements for a variety of applications requiring electromagnetic wave signals as stimuli. Its roots trace back to ...

Ever increasing data-transmission speeds coupled with the need to contend with higher-order modulation schemes are presenting optical-communications test-and-measurement challenges. Products ranging ...

Copper cabling has been the workhorse for moving data inside of AI and HPC data centers, but fiber is nipping at its heels. Optics brings three possible bandwidth multipliers — wavelength-division ...

A candidate for modernized GNSS civil signals in the L1/E1 band was BOC(1,1), a binary-offset-carrier signal with a “split spectrum” that has negligible impact on the existing GPS signals. However, a ...

The distribution of content involves the need to adapt digital information to its means of carriage — what we typically call transmission — and to understand that fully, we need to understand the ...

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