Lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia commonly affect men aged over 50. Benign prostatic hyperplasia results from an increased number of stromal and epithelial cells.

A bladder biopsy is a diagnostic surgical procedure in which a doctor removes cells or tissue from your bladder to be tested in a laboratory. This typically involves inserting a tube with a camera and ...

Retrograde pyelography is a procedure commonly used by urologists involving X-ray imaging to visualize the kidneys, bladder and ureters. It involves the insertion of a cystoscope into the urinary ...