New experimental studies by numerous research groups, including the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology (MPI-EB) in ...

Ironically, one great unsolved problem in Darwin's master work, On the Origin of Species, was just that: How and why do species originate? Darwin and his later followers were faced with a seeming ...

John Maynard Smith is best known for his use of mathematical analyses in biology. Trained as an engineer and then as a biologist, Smith applied game theory to animal behavior and found that although ...

For a long time, evolutionary biologists have thought that the genetic mutations that drive the evolution of genes and proteins are largely neutral: they're neither good nor bad, but just ordinary ...

Overview of protein engineering strategies. Directed evolution mimics natural selection in the laboratory through iterative rounds of mutagenesis and screening. Rational design uses structural and ...