Photo: Niels Bohr's research notes for his new atomic theory Rutherford's find came from a very strange experience. Everyone at that time imagined the atom as a "plum pudding." That is, it was roughly ...

Crystallography is the science of analyzing the pattern produced by shining an X-ray beam through a material sample. A powder sample produces a different pattern than solid crystal. One longstanding ...

Some materials behave unexpectedly. They crack differently than expected, or react in ways that are hard to explain. The answer often lies in their atomic structure. Is it neatly arranged, as in a ...