Because of their brittle nature, ceramics, fiber-reinforced or unreinforced, are difficult to test in pure tension, compression and shear, primarily due to difficulties in gripping and uniformly ...

The modulus of electronic materials is measured with a tensile tester (elastic modulus), three-point or four-point bend tester (flexural modulus) (Fig. 2), or a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). In ...

Highly developed universal testing machines and custom testing systems are of use in running tests and the determination of properties, for example breaking strength, ductility, elongation, fracture ...

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In my last column, I discussed uniaxial flexural strength testing of fiber-reinforced ceramics, that is, simple three- or four-point bending of a strip of material of rectangular cross section (see ...