What do engineers “see” when they look at a real systemor conceive a new design? They will look pastthe hardware and visualize the flow of energy, whereit is stored, and where it is dissipated. They ...

Frequency response is defined as: A measure of the effectiveness with which a circuit, device, or system transmits the different frequencies applied to it. It is a phasor whose magnitude is the ratio ...

Switching power supplies rely on feedback control loops to ensure that the required voltage and current are maintained under varying load conditions. Design of the feedback control loop influences ...

Though sometimes taken for granted, designers shouldn’t overlook the intricacies of voltage- and current-feedback op amps—integral players in the analog and mixed-signal worlds. Op amps amplify tiny ...