An illustration of the density of a water molecule network (blue surface map and red spheres) near the catalytic site (green sticks), projected on the surface of a plant exo-hydrolase, coloured by ...

Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together in molecules through shared electrons. The rules governing bonding and the shapes of molecules are often thought to be absolute. Geometries of double ...

In living organisms today, complex molecules like RNA and DNA are constructed with the help of enzymes. So how did these molecules form before life (and enzymes) existed? Why did some molecules end up ...

In living organisms today, complex molecules like RNA and DNA are constructed with the help of enzymes. So how did these molecules form before life (and enzymes) existed? Why did some molecules end up ...