Chromosomes have to be organized into three-dimensional structures from loose tangles, through a process called loop extrusion. It had been proposed that a protein complex named cohesin was probably ...

To separate replicated sister chromatids during mitosis, eukaryotes and prokaryotes have structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) condensin complexes that were recently shown to organize chromosomes ...

Ganji M et al., and Fudenberg G et al., postulated that the SMC family of ATPases, such as condensin and cohesion, extrude DNA into large loops. Energy from ATP hydrolysis helps the SMC proteins to ...

Abstract: Cells of the human body contain long molecules of DNA, 2 meters in each cell. It has been almost 20 years since the human genome was sequenced, but only now we are starting to understand why ...