Brain cells are constantly swallowing material from the fluid that surrounds them—signaling molecules, nutrients, even pieces of their own surfaces—in a process known as endocytosis that is essential ...

In the brain, synaptic plasticity - the ability to change neuronal connections over time - is fundamental to learning and memory. Traditionally, science has focused on nerve cells and their synapses.

The deep learning field has been dominated by “large models” requiring massive computational resources and energy, leading to unsustainable environmental and economic challenges. To address this, ...