The comparator is a high-gain amplifier that is used to amplify a small differential signal at its input, and drive the output to one of two output states. Figure 1 shows the basic comparator circuit, ...

Voltage comparators began appearing in single-chip microcontrollers (MCUs) in the late 1990s. At the time, the change was viewed as a simple cost reduction. Comparators required less silicon, while ...

My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

Few methods for analog to digital conversion are more “mature” than the classic combination of a voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) with a counter. VFC digitization is naturally integrating, so good ...