Protein-based therapeutics have transformed treatments for numerous diseases, yet their production remains highly complex and cost-intensive [1][2],[3][4]. Downstream processing (DSP), including ...

Within several industries, including pharma, cosmetics, inks, coatings, chemicals, food, and more, there are numerous ways to make nanoparticles. A real-time monitoring tool is lacking in commonly ...

This article evaluates bulk analysis and scratch analysis methods for particle dispersion, highlighting the superiority of bulk analysis for quality assessment.