The TLE-PINN method integrates EPINN and deep learning models through a transfer learning framework, combining strong physical constraints and efficient computational capabilities to accurately ...

(A–C) Representative images reconstructed by conventional method (left) and new method (right) of microtubules, nuclear pore complexes and F-actin samples. The regions enclosed by the white boxes are ...

Deep neural networks (DNNs), the machine learning algorithms underpinning the functioning of large language models (LLMs) and other artificial intelligence (AI) models, learn to make accurate ...