(Phys.org)—Generating a sequence of random numbers may be more difficult than it sounds. Although the numbers may appear random, how do you know for sure that they don't actually follow some complex, ...

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Discover the latest articles and news in related subjects. This idea may look similar in spirit to the survey propagation reinforcement (SPR) algorithm 37, where variables are allowed to change their ...

Generating a string of random numbers is easy. The hard part is proving that they’re random. As Dilbert creator Scott Adams once pointed out, “that’s the problem with randomness: you can never be sure ...

Gradient-based algorithms are particularly suitable for performance measures that are either quadratic or at least unimodal. For some classes of problems [1] [3] the mathematical relation of the ...

Machine learning is hard. Algorithms in a particular use case often either don't work or don't work well enough, leading to some serious debugging. And finding the perfect algorithm–the set of rules a ...