Periodic signal analysis enhances optics and photonics experiments using lock-in amplifiers and boxcar techniques.

Digital or vector modulation can provide increased spectral efficiency, higher data security, and higher quality communications. This comes at a cost of increased system complexity and a resultant ...

Wavelets provide new capabilities for analyzing real-time signals. This introductory article provides an overview and presents the basic mechanisms involved in wavelets. In many signal processing ...

As every engineer learns at an early stage, clock edges must be obeyed. In the digital domain, synchronization through global and local clock trees, slew rate and rising/falling times all combine to ...

Network analysis is a powerful and well-established method of characterizing and optimizing a control system. [1] Unfortunately, making a successful measurement can be difficult and frustrating ...