Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a popular method used for modeling systems utilizing single-phase flows and is widely used across industries for design optimization. However, their use in ...

In pressure relief systems, accurately estimating temperature changes during fluid flow is vital for relief piping sizing. Fluid velocity changes and the Joule-Thomson effect (affecting non-ideal ...

Developments in many modern applications are encountering rapid escalation in heat dissipation, coupled with a need to decrease the size of thermal management hardware. These developments have spurred ...

Beyond cold plates lies what’s sometimes called direct impingement, or direct liquid cooling (DLC), meaning that coolant ...