Passive intermodulation (PIM) distortion arises when non‐linearities and imperfections within electrical connectors and transmission lines cause the intermodulation of signals, leading to spurious ...

Intermodulation distortion (IMD) measurements are frequently used to characterize the non-linearity of RF components, including ferrite circulators and isolators. Measuring the IMD products of a ...

Harmonic and intermodulation distortion are discussed, and the reasons given for the failure of the former on disc recording. An apparatus for producing two tones and an analysing equipment for the ...

Intermodulation distortion is one of the most interesting signal analyzer measurements. Often abbreviated IMD, it is an important metric of linearity for a wide range of RF and microwave components.

Mixed-signal printed circuit boards (PCBs) present unique challenges in high-performance applications, such as vibration analysis and other multi-channel data acquisition systems. Nonlinear ...

Unless you are a hermit or a Stylite, robust interaction with your neighbors is usually a good thing. Of course, this is not the case with broadcast transmitters, where living in isolation is usually ...

A tough challenge for test engineers is explored in terms of test methods, pitfalls, and measurement errors. For the test engineer, RF and microwave power amplifier testing imposes unique challenges.