Dynamic compaction (DC), also known as dynamic deep compaction, was advanced in the mid-1960s by Louis Menard. The process involves dropping a heavy weight on the surface of the ground to compact soils to depths as great as 12.5 m. The purpose of this method is to reduce foundation settlements, reduce seismic subsidence and liquefaction potential, permit construction on fills, densify garbage dumps, and reduce settlements in collapsible soils. This method is most effective in permeable, granular

Deep Soil Mixing (DSM) is a ground improvement technique used in geotechnical engineering to strengthen and stabilise weak or loose soils. In this method, a specialised rig equipped with mixing tools is employed to blend cementitious materials, such as cement, lime, or fly ash, into the soil at depth. The mixing tools are inserted into the ground, and as they rotate, they break up and mix the soil with the added binder, creating a homogenous mixture. This process enhances the soil's engineering